Situation in Thailand
The patriotic sentiment among the overseas Chinese originating in the previous reign gave rise to that among the Thais during this reign. To induce assimilation into Thai society, King Vajiravudh launched the policy to naturalize foreigners with untainted reputation who had been residing in Thailand no less than five years. Then in 1913 the Citizenship Act was enforced. granting Thai citizenship to anyone who was born in the kingdom, had a Thai father, regardless of the birthplace, was married to a Thai national or was a naturalized Thai. As for the many Chinese schools where Chinese was the medium of instruction, the Thai government came up with the enactment of the new law to effect that their curriculum had to include lessons on Thai language and history as well, so that Chinese pupils could acquire knowledge about Thailand and better assimilate themselves into Thai society. King Vajiravudh led the country to victory in World War I which proved to lessen western influence in Thailand, thus allowing Chinese rice traders to thrive enormously, as evidenced the emergence of rice exporting enterprises along Songwat Road in Sampheng. At the same time, Yaowarat Road gradually became a significant business area.
Situation in China
The Qing Dynasty was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution of 1911. China became a repulbic under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen of Kuomintang Party. Not long after that, however, a power struggle erupted among influential warlords, causing China to be divided up into different zones under the auspices of these individuals. Then the Communist Party was founded in 1920, following Russian influence. The initial harmony between the kuomintang and the Communist Parties, cooperating in the mission of suppressing their rivals in order to attain national unity, did not last long, however. The dispute between the two parties led to fighting in defense of their respective ideology. Reperrussions of this were evidenced by movements among the overseas Chinese living in Thailand which reflected the line of thinking each represented. With Dr. Sun Yat-sen's death in 1925, his will advising the fellow-countrymen to remain united and fight on in the national interest was much cited among pupils of Chinese schools for years.
Emperor Puyi, the last ruler of the Qing Dynasty, abdicated at the age of six.
Revolutionary soldier cut off the people's pigtail to signify their liberation from the Qing rule.
Dr.Sun Yat-sen, leader of China's republican revolution as well as first president.
The opening ceremony of Pei-ing Chinese School in 1920.
Thai troops in a victory parade in Paris after World War I ended in 1919.
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